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Example General Ledger Manual

A redacted version of an actual manual for a JARandA Chart of Accounts for a small manufacturing company.  This manual gives a comprehensive picture of how the Chart of Accounts is structured, how the Cubic Business Model works and the reporting and other opportunities that the design provides


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Client General Ledger

Finding the Correct Account Number and other Basic Instructions


By

James Robertson

 

 


 Table of Contents

 

1.   Account Code Structure

2.   Divisions or Business Units

3.   Locations or Branches   

4.   Functions or Departments

5.   Matrix                                  

6.   Sub-Chart of Accounts per cell

7.   Accounts – the main headings

8.   Accounts – the second level headings

9.   Accounts – the third level headings

10. Accounts – the Master Chart of Accounts

11. Division Specific Accounts                           

12. Adding Accounts                                             

13. Presentation of the Chart of Accounts  

14. Analysis based on the code structure    

15. Assistance                                                          

16. Appendix – Matrices of Individual Business Units

 

 

 

 

Client General Ledger

Finding the Correct Account Number and other Basic Instructions


By

James Robertson

 

The design of the Chart of Accounts is based on work undertaken over more than 23 years with a view to creating logic that allows powerful and flexible consolidation and analysis of financial data.

The Matrix based code element design allows Financials for different business units to be quickly and easily consolidated based on the inherent consolidation rules contained in the code while at the same time allowing the performance of units that carry out the same function to be compared across divisions.  This same logic also to allow values of specific accounts to be compared across divisions and business units.

The hierarchical design of all code elements allows data to be rapidly summarized for headline management reporting with drill-down to detail built into the code structure.  This facilitates the development of simple but sophisticated reports and models that would otherwise be much more time consuming to create.

The coding conventions of trailing periods and spaces make the codes easy to read and the use of “-“ delimiters is designed for ease of reading and also ease of remembering.  Codes are segmented into units of not more than four digits on the basis that such segment lengths are easy to interpret and remember.

The use of Capital Letters for heading accounts, coupled to the use of indents in account descriptions (not in the ERPxxx data but in the Master Chart in the Data Mart) make for quick navigation and ease of reading.

The logic of the Master Chart is designed from the most core (strategic) expenses at the top of the Expense schedule and the least strategic at the bottom.  The same logic is used for Revenue.

Assets and Liabilities are structured with least liquid (most long term) at the top and most liquid at the bottom of the list.

Liabilities includes a large block of clearing and control accounts.

Capital and Reserves are situated after Liabilities and followed by Dormant Accounts which are accounts that are no longer active.  Some Dormant Accounts are mapped onto the relevant account.

Statistical and Costing data is catered for at the end of the Chart of Accounts.

The overall design is focused on supporting convenient and accurate posting and convenient and accurate strategic and operational analysis of the Financials.

All the data in this document is also contained in a spreadsheet for convenient reference.


1.  Account Code structure

The basic design of the Chart of Accounts codes comprises a number of segments:

For example 5-5337-334-99

The form of the code is “Div-LocFunc-Acc1-Acc2”

Where:

Div = the Division code – 1 character, numeric – 5 above

-          separator for ease of reading and remembering

Loc = the Location code – 2 character, numeric – 53 above

Func = Function code  -- 2 character, numeric – 37 above

-          separator

Acc1 = Account Code part 1 – 3 character, numeric or dot “.” – the main categories of Accounts – 334 above

-          separator

Acc2 = Account Code part 2 – up to 4 characters, numeric, alpha or blank – the sub-categories of the Accounts – 99 above


2.  Divisions or Business Units

The Divisions are the main operating business units of Client:

 

1

CLIENT TOWN1     

ABR

3

CLIENT TOWN2     

ATwn2

5

CLIENT ALUMINIUM     

AAL

7

FOUNDRY ENGINEERING CENTRE     

Division5

9

GROUP HEAD OFFICE     

GHO

 

Each of these corresponds to a separate ERPxxx Company and Ledger.

In deciding where to post a transaction, first select the ERPxxx Company.

 

3.  Locations or Branches

A Location is a place you can walk to and “kick it” – it is a physical place where you will find people and assets – locations are WHERE we do things.

The Client Locations are:


1.

TOWN1     

Brt

11

 Factory Town1    

BFc

18

 Admin Building Town1    

Bad

19

 Corporate Office Town1    

BCO

1A

 House1

BHD

3.

ROAD1     

SRd

31

 Road1 Plant    

SMC

39

 Admin Building Twn2 Foundry    

SAB

5.

SUBURB2     

RSr

51

 Plant 1 Aluminium    

RP1

53

 Plant 2 Foundry Aluminium    

RPF

54

 Plant 2 Machining Aluminium

RPM

55

 Warehouses Aluminium    

L&D

57

 Division5 Plant    

RFE

59

 Admin Building Suburb2    

Rad

9.

SPECIAL LOCATIONS     

LSp

97

 Function Independent Location    

LIF

99

 Corp Independent Loc & Func    

LCF

 

In deciding where to post, second select the location code – this is separated from the Division Code by a “-“ so 1-11 is the Town1 Factory.

 

4.  Functions or Departments

A Function is something that People and Assets do – a Function is WHAT we do.

The Client Functions are:


0.

REVENUE     

REV

01

 Revenue    

PrT

1.

COST OF SALES     

REV

11

 Cost of Sales    

PrT

2.

CASTING OPERATIONS     

CoS

21

 Alloying    

Aly

22

 Melting    

Mlt

24

 Sand Plant Operations    

SPO

26

 Core Making    

CrM

28

 Moulding Line    

Mol

29

 Moulding Line 02    

Mol

3.

FINISHING OPERATIONS     

FOp

31

 Finishing    

Fin

33

 Painting    

Pnt

35

 Heat Treatment    

HTr

37

 Impregnation    

Imp

38

 Welding    

Wld

4.

MACHINING & ASSEMBLY OPERATIONS     

MAO

41

 Machining    

Mch

43

 Sub-Assembly    

SAs

45

 Final Assembly    

FAs

5.

OPERATIONAL OVERHEADS     

OpO

50

 Maintenance    

Mnt

51

 Laboratory    

Lab

52

 Inspection Metrology & Q C    

IMQ

53

 Pattern Shop & Tooling Maintenance    

PST

54

 Sand Reclamation    

SRc

55

 Stores    

Str

56

 Logistics and Dispatch    

L&D

57

 Development & Technical    

Dev

58

 Process Engineering    

PrE

59

 Safety Security & Cleaning    

CSS

6.

TOOLING DESIGN & MANUFACTURE     

TDM

65

 Tool Design & Manufacture   

TMf

7.

ADMINISTRATION OVERHEADS     

AdO

71

 Administration    

Adm

73

 Sales and Marketing    

S&M

75

 Human Resources    

Hre

77

 IT Function    

ITF

9.

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS     

SpF

98

 Premises Location Independent Function 

FIL

99

 Corp Independent Location & Function    

CLF

 

Note that Revenue and Cost of Sales are classified as distinct Functions for convenience of analysis.

In deciding where to post a transaction the third item you will select is the Function.

The Function code is a two digit code immediately following the Location Code so 1-1155 is the Stores at Client Town1 Factory.

Premises or Plant Independent of Function (98) is a function in which items that cannot be allocated to specific functional units are allocated, these are effectively plant wide costs – various items have been allocated to this function depending on preferences of individual business units.

Corporate Independent of Location and Function (99) is a function (and a location) where items that cannot be allocated to specific physical locations and functions are allocated – much of the Financial component of Assets sits here together with most Liabilities

These two elements are designed specifically to cater for the real world complexities of financial data in order to ensure that the final Chart of Accounts models the real world.

 

5.  Matrix

The Combination of Location and Function produces a Matrix of valid Location-Function intersections which define valid blocks of accounts that model the real world.

The matrix is a logical coding scheme or model designed to make it easy to navigate through the Chart of Accounts both for posting and analysis purposes.

The Chart of Accounts is assembled starting at the top left corner, moving down the column, then from top to bottom down the next column finally ending up in the bottom right corner (9999).

The graphical representation of the matrix below is designed to make it easy for users to find their way around the Chart of Accounts.

The codes in the cells correspond to the Location-Function code pair that describes where in the Chart of Accounts the sub-chart for that cell is to be found.

This is demonstrated by the example below for Division 5:

 

The Cell number is in the form “Location-Function” – for example 59-71.

In order to determine where to post, once you have selected the Division, select the Location from the list along the bottom of the matrix, you can then see which Functions are present at that Location and select the Function that you want to post to.

You can then select the accounts that apply to that Location-Function intersection or cell.

Note that when you are posting the most convenient approach is to locate the block in the Chart of Accounts that corresponds to the specific cell – that is Location-Function intersection and then simply search that block of accounts, in most cases this will NOT be a long list of accounts and you will quickly find the required account.

If you are looking for a particular account in the Master Chart the following section explains how to do this.

 

6.  Sub-Chart of Accounts per cell

Under each cell in the Matrix is a mini Chart of Accounts which contains ONLY the accounts that apply to that Cell.

This is designed so that a mini-financial statement can be produced for the Manager or Supervisor responsible for each cell.

In the majority of Cells at Client the cell ONLY contains expenses.

Revenue is in separate cells so that the attribution (allocation) of Revenue does not mask the headline expenditure profiles of some business units.

Cost of Sales is separated out for a similar reason.

Following is a very simple example of the Chart of Accounts for Cell 19-98 from the Corporate Office:

Notice the use of zzz-zzzz coupled to a dashed line ----------------------------------- to separate out the blocks of accounts for each cell so that it is easy to navigate the Chart of Accounts.  This dashed line is the last possible account code for that Cell.

As a general rule, when writing reports based on account selection the range of accounts should be from the first account in the range to the last possible account in the range (usually contains zeds in place of the trailing blanks of the last possible code sequence before the next account) so that if a new account is added between the limits of the range the report will AUTOMATICALLY be up-to-date.  This GREATLY reduces report administration and ensures that complex models and reports remain valid.

At the top of the Chart of Accounts for each cell is the Cell Number which correlates with the Location-Function code in the Account code – this is intended to make the full Chart of Accounts easier to follow.

The next two lines are the Location name and Function name, also for ease of navigation.

 

7.  Accounts – the main headings

The Master Chart of Accounts is structured hierarchically (cascades) in seven levels starting with the major categories that correspond to the main components of the Balance Sheet and Income Statement.

Note that EXACTLY the same hierarchy and coding applies to the same account no matter which division it occurs in and no matter which cell it occurs in.

This allows you to easily find your way around every division’s Chart of Accounts and also allows you to write reports based on the hierarchies that can easily be used for other divisions.

The hierarchies make it very easy to summarize according to the structure of the code – for example, if you pull a Trial Balance into Excel and split the Account Code into one character segments you can easily use the Filter function to summarize the Trial Balance and give summarized and detailed Income Statements and Balance Sheets.

Following are the main Account headings:


1..-

REVENUE     

R

3..-

EXPENSES     

E

5..-

ASSETS     

A

6..-

LIABILITIES     

L

7..-

CAPITAL AND RESERVES     

C

9..-

DORMANT HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS ZERO BALANCE

Varies

x..-

NON-FINANCIAL AMOUNTS STATISTICAL ACCOUNTS

S

y..-

COSTING AMOUNTS STATISTICAL ACCOUNTS

S


Use the above list to select the main category of the transaction that you want to post and then work progressively down the hierarchy.

Notice that the Account logic automatically summarizes into a concise Income Statement and Balance Sheet and by exploding the codes you can produce more and more detailed financial statements.  Because of the consistency of coding you can produce more sophisticated analysis than would generally be possible.

If accounts are added it is vital to retain this consistency.


8.  Accounts – the second level headings

The next level of accounts is:


05.-

Cell Number @Cell_Number     

S

06.-

@Location     

S

07.-

@Function     

S

09.-

----------------------     

S

1..-

REVENUE     

I

11.-

 LOCAL REVENUE    

I

15.-

 EXPORT REVENUE    

I

18.-

 SUNDRY REVENUE    

I

3..-

EXPENSES     

E

30.-

 ACTUAL COST OF SALES    

E

31.-

 DIRECT LABOUR    

E

32.-

 FIXED FACTORY OVERHEADS    

E

33.-

 VARIABLE FACTORY OVERHEADS

E

34.-

 ADMIN EXPENSES    

E

35.-

 INTEREST    

E

36.-

 DIVIDENDS    

E

37.-

 EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS    

E

38.-

 TAXATION    

E

5..-

ASSETS     

A

51.-

 FIXED ASSETS    

A

55.-

 CURRENT ASSETS    

A

6..-

LIABILITIES     

L

61.-

 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES    

L

65.-

 CURRENT LIABILITIES    

L

7..-

CAPITAL AND RESERVES     

R

71.-

 CAPITAL AND RESERVES    

R

9..-

DORMANT HIST ACC ZERO B     

L

99.-

 DORMANT HIST ACC ZERO BAL

L

w..-

-----------------------------

S

x..-

NON-FINANCIAL AMTS STAT ACC

S

x1.-

 NON-FINANCIAL AMOUNTS    

S

y..-

COSTING AMOUNTS

S

y1.-

 COSTING AMOUNTS    

S


Notice that the number of digits in the code corresponds to the number of levels of indent.

The indent is provided to make it easy to read the list and find the required item by drilling down the hierarchy.

The corresponding length of the code also makes it easy to follow the hierarchy – each level of hierarchy represents a heading for the levels below so the correct way to read the Chart of Accounts is to follow the cascade of headings until you get to the correct account.

Once you have selected a particular heading drill down to the next level of hierarchy.

 

9.  Accounts – the third level headings

The third level of accounts is:


05.-

Cell Number @Cell_Number     

S

06.-

@Location     

S

07.-

@Function     

S

09.-

----------------------     

S

1..-

REVENUE     

I

11.-

 LOCAL REVENUE    

I

111-

  PRODUCT TURNOVER LOCAL    

I

113-

  COMPONENT TURNOVER LOCAL   

I

114-

  SCRAP RETURNS LOCAL   

I

115-

  TOOLING TURNOVER LOCAL   

I

116-

  IMPREGN &HEAT TREAT TO LOCAL

I

117-

  SCRAP REVENUE LOCAL   

I

15.-

 EXPORT REVENUE    

I

151-

  PRODUCT TURNOVER EXPORT   

I

153-

  COMPONENT TURNOVER EXPORT

I

155-

  TOOLING TURNOVER EXPORT   

I

159-

  SUNDRY EXPORT REVENUE EXPORT

I

18.-

 SUNDRY REVENUE    

I

181-

  SUNDRY REVENUE   

I

3..-

EXPENSES     

E

30.-

 ACTUAL COST OF SALES    

E

301-

  MATERIAL COST OF SALES   

E

303-

  RECOVERIES   

E

304-

 Division5 LABOUR CO SALES    

E

305-

 Division5 MATERIAL COST SALES    

E

306-

 Division5 SOFTWARE COST REC    

E

307-

 DISCOUNT ALLOWED    

E

308-

 DISTRIBUTION COST    

E

309-

 OTHER MATERIAL COST    

E

31.-

 DIRECT LABOUR    

E

310-

  Normal Time Direct Labour

E

311-

  Overtime Direct Labour   

E

312-

  Sick Pay Direct Labour   

E

313-

  Allowances Direct Labour   

E

314-

  Bonus & Long Serv Dir Lab

E

315-

  Company Contrib Dir Labr   

E

316-

  Employee Transport Dir Lab

E

317-

  Training Direct Labour   

E

318-

  Employee Benefits Dir Labr

E

319-

  Retrenchment Costs Dir Labr

E

32.-

 FIXED FACTORY OVERHEADS    

E

320-

  ENERGY   

E

321-

  ENERGY SAVING PROJECTS   

E

322-

  DEPRN FIXED ASSETS (Depn)

E

323-

  INDIRECT LABOUR   

E

324-

  FIXED REPAIRS &MAINTENANCE

E

325-

  QUALITY   

E

326-

  PLANT RENTAL   

E

327-

  HEALTH & SAFETY   

E

328-

  INSURANCE   

E

329-

  SUNDRY FIXED FACTORY OH   

E

32A-

  IMPAIRMENT FIX ASSETS (IFA)

E

32B-

  CANTEEN COSTS   

E

33.-

 VARIABLE FACTORY OVERHEADS

E

331-

  SCRAP COSTS   

E

332-

  ENERGY & UTILITIES   

E

333-

  VARIABLE REP & MAINT (R&M)

E

334-

  CONSUMABLES   

E

335-

  TRANSPORT & PACKING   

E

336-

  WASTE REMOVAL & CLEANING   

E

338-

  Division5 LABOUR RECOVERY   

E

339-

  OTHER VARIABLE COSTS   

E

34.-

 ADMIN EXPENSES    

E

340-

  ADMIN STAFF COSTS   

E

341-

  TRAVEL & ACCOMMODATION   

E

342-

  ASSET RELATED ADMIN COSTS

E

343-

  FEES PAID TO THIRD PARTIES

E

344-

  ADMIN VEHICLE EXPENSES   

E

345-

  GENERAL ADMIN EXPENSES   

E

346-

  COMPUTER & COMMN COSTS   

E

349-

  SUNDRY ADMIN EXPENSES   

E

35.-

 INTEREST    

E

351-

  INTEREST   

E

36.-

 DIVIDENDS    

E

361-

  DIVIDENDS   

E

37.-

 EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS    

E

371-

  EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS   

E

38.-

 TAXATION    

E

381-

  TAXATION   

E

5..-

ASSETS     

A

51.-

 FIXED ASSETS    

A

511-

  FIXED ASSET OWNED CST FAOC

A

513-

  FIXED ASSETS ACC DEPN AcDpn

A

55.-

 CURRENT ASSETS    

A

551-

  INVENTORY   

A

553-

  TRADE DEBTORS   

A

558-

  OTHER DEBTORS   

A

559-

  BANK & CASH   

A

6..-

LIABILITIES     

L

61.-

 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES    

L

611-

  LONG TERM LOANS   

L

613-

  FINANCE LEASES   

L

615-

  xxx NOT REQUIRED   

L

619-

  OTH NON-CURRENT LIAB   

L

65.-

 CURRENT LIABILITIES    

L

650-

  ACCOUNTS PAYABLE   

L

651-

  CLEARING ACCOUNTS   

L

652-

  CURRENT LOANS   

L

654-

  FINANCE LEASES   

L

656-

  CALL ACCOUNTS   

L

657-

  TAX PAYABLE   

L

658-

  DIVIDENDS PAYABLE   

L

659-

  OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

L

7..-

CAPITAL AND RESERVES     

R

71.-

 CAPITAL AND RESERVES    

R

711-

  SHARE CAPITAL   

R

713-

  SHARE PREMIUM   

R

715-

  EQUITY LOANS   

R

717-

  NON-DISTRIBUTABLE RESERVES

R

719-

  RETAINED EARNINGS ACCUM DEF

R

9..-

DORMANT HIST ACC ZERO B     

L

99.-

 DORMANT HIST ACC ZERO BAL

L

999-

  DORMANT HIST ACC ZERO BAL

L

w..-

-----------------------------

S

x..-

NON-FINANCIAL AMTS STAT ACC

S

x1.-

 NON-FINANCIAL AMOUNTS    

S

x11-

  STATISTICAL VALUES   

S

y..-

COSTING AMOUNTS

S

y1.-

 COSTING AMOUNTS    

S

y18-

  COSTING AMOUNTS   

S


Notice that headings are in capital letters and posting level accounts are in proper case – this is also intended to make it easier to navigate the Chart of Accounts.

In general ONLY budgets should be posted against headings, transactions should all be posted against the proper case posting level accounts.

 

10. Accounts – the Master Chart of Accounts

Once you have drilled down to this level you will be very close to the required account and you can search in the main Chart of Accounts as follows:

 

05.-

Cell Number @Cell_Number     

S

06.-

@Location     

S

07.-

@Function     

S

09.-

----------------------     

S

1..-

REVENUE     

I

11.-

 LOCAL REVENUE    

I

111-

  PRODUCT TURNOVER LOCAL   

I

111-1

   Turnover Customer1  

I

111-2

   Turnover Customer2  

I

111-3

   Turnover Customer3  

I

111-4

   Turnover Customer4  

I

111-5

   Turnover Customer5  

I

111-6

   Turnover Customer6  

I

111-7

   Turnover Customer7  

I

111-8

   Turnover Customer8  

I

111-9

   Turnover Customer9  

I

111-A

   Turnover Customer10  

I

111-B

   Turnover Customer11  

I

111-C

   Turnover Customer12  

I

111-z

   Turnover Other  

I

113-

  COMPONENT TURNOVER LOCAL   

I

113-1

   Component TO Customer12  

I

113-9

   Component TO Other  

I

114-

  SCRAP RETURNS LOCAL   

I

114-1

   SCRAP RETURNS  

I

114-11

    Scrap Returns 

I

115-

  TOOLING TURNOVER LOCAL   

I

115-1

   TOOLING TURNOVER Division5 EXT  

I

115-11

    Tooling TO Division5 Ext 

I

115-3

   TOOL TO CLIENT EXTPROJ  

I

115-31

    Tool TO Client ExPr 

I

115-5

   TOOLING TURNOVER R&M  

I

115-51

    Tooling TO R&M Town1 

I

115-53

    Tooling TO R&M Twn2 

I

115-54

    Tooling TO R&M Alu 

I

115-55

    Tooling TO R&M Division5 

I

115-8

   TOOLING REPLACEMENT TO  

I

115-81

    Tool Repl TO Town1 

I

115-83

    Tool Repl TO Twn2 

I

115-84

    Tool Repl TO Alu 

I

115-85

    Tool Repl TO Division5 

I

115-9

   TOOLING OTHER  

I

115-91

    Tooling Other 

I

116-

  IMPREGN &HEAT TREAT TO LOCAL

I

116-1

   Impregnation Turnover  

I

116-5

   Heat Treatment Turnover  

I

117-

  SCRAP REVENUE LOCAL   

I

117-1

   SALES OF SCRAP IRON  

I

117-11

    Swarf 

I

117-15

    Other Scrap Iron 

I

117-5

   SALES OF SCRAP ALUMINIUM  

I

117-51

    Sales Scrap Aluminium 

I

15.-

 EXPORT REVENUE    

I

151-

  PRODUCT TURNOVER EXPORT   

I

151-1

   Turnover Customer13  

I

151-5

   Turnover Customer14  

I

151-7

   Turnover Customer15  

I

151-9

   Turnover Other  

I

153-

  COMPONENT TURNOVER EXPORT

I

153-1

   Component Turnover  

I

155-

  TOOLING TURNOVER EXPORT   

I

155-1

   Turnover Customer15  

I

155-9

   Turnover Other  

I

159-

  SUNDRY EXPORT REVENUE EXPORT

I

159-1

   EXPORT INCENTIVES  

I

159-11

    APDP Incentives 

I

159-15

    MIDP Incentives 

I

159-9

   OTH SUNDRY EXPORT REVENUE

I

159-99

    Oth Sundry Export Rev 

I

18.-

 SUNDRY REVENUE    

I

181-

  SUNDRY REVENUE   

I

181-1

   PR ORLOSS CUSTMR TOOL PR  

I

181-11

    Pr Loss Custmr Tool Pr 

I

181-2

   AIS & EIP BENEFITS  

I

181-21

    AIS Benefits 

I

181-25

    EIP Benefits 

I

181-3

   SETTLEMENT DISC RECEIVED  

I

181-31

    Settlement Disc Recd 

I

181-4

   TRAINING REBATES  

I

181-41

    MERSETA Rebates 

I

181-49

    Other Training Rebates 

I

181-5

   PR OR LOSS SALE FIX ASST  

I

181-51

    Pr or Loss Sale Fix Ass 

I

181-6

   PROFIT ON FOREX  

I

181-61

    Profit on Forex 

I

181-7

   DIVIDENDS RECEIVED  

I

181-71

    Dividends Received 

I

181-8

   SUNDRY INTERNAL SALES  

I

181-81

    Sundry Internal Sales 

I

181-9

   OTHER SUNDRY REVENUE  

I

181-99

    Other Sundry Revenue 

I

3..-

EXPENSES     

E

30.-

 ACTUAL COST OF SALES    

E

301-

  MATERIAL COST OF SALES   

E

301-1

   CLIENT BANK COST OF SALES  

E

301-11

    Standard Cost of Sales 

E

301-13

    Profit Scrap Alloying 

E

301-5

   VARIANCES  

E

301-51

    MATL USAGE VARIANCE 

E

301-510

     CAST IRON MELTING USE VAR

E

301-5100

      Scrap steel Use Var

E

301-5101

      Pig Iron Use Var

E

301-5102

      Copper Use Var

E

301-5103

      Tin Use Var

E

301-5104

      Silicon Carbide Use Var

E

301-5105

      Silicon Use Var

E

301-5106

      Manganese Use Var

E

301-5107

      Molybdenum Use Var

E

301-5109

      Oth Cast Iron Comp UseVr

E

301-511

     ALUMINIUM MELTING USE VAR

E

301-5111

      Alum Ingot Ford Use Var

E

301-5112

      Alum Ingot EA111 Use Var

E

301-5114

      Gas Use Var

E

301-5119

      Oth Alum Components UseV

E

301-512

     CORE MAKING USE VAR

E

301-5121

      Sand Use Var

E

301-5123

      Core Making Resins UseVr

E

301-5125

      Gas Use Var

E

301-513

     MOULDING & CASTING USE VR

E

301-5131

      Magnesium Use Var

E

301-5133

      ME85 Innoculant Use Var

E

301-5135

      Filters Use Var

E

301-5139

      Other Moulding Use Var

E

301-514

     POWDER COATING USE VAR

E

301-5141

      Powder Coat Matls Use Vr

E

301-515

     FINISHING & FETLING USE V

E

301-5151

      Fin & Fetling Matls UseV

E

301-516

     IMPREGNATION USE VAR

E

301-5161

      Impregnation Resins UseV

E

301-517

     MACHINING USE VAR

E

301-5171

      Cut Fld & Hydr Oils UseV

E

301-518

     ASSEMBLY USE VAR

E

301-5181

      Subcomponents Use Var

E

301-519

     OTH MATL USE VARIANCE

E

301-5191

      Oth Matl U Var CASTING

E

301-5192

      Oth Matl U Var Alloying

E

301-5193

      Oth Matl U Var Melting

E

301-5194

      Oth Matl U Var Sand Plt

E

301-5195

      Oth Matl U Var Core Makg

E

301-5196

      Oth Matl U Var Moulding1

E

301-5197

      Oth Matl U Var Moulding2

E

301-5198

      Oth Matl U Var FINISH

E

301-5199

      Oth Matl U Var Finishing

E

301-519A

      Oth Matl U Var Painting

E

301-519B

      Oth Matl U Var Heat Trt

E

301-519C

      Oth Matl U Var Impregn

E

301-519D

      Oth Matl U Var Welding

E

301-519E

      Oth Matl U Var MCH&ASSBL

E

301-519F

      Oth Matl U Var Machng

E

301-519G

      Oth Matl U Var SubAssbly

E

301-519H

      Oth Matl U Var FinalAssb

E

301-519I

      Oth Matl U Var OPERN OH

E

301-519J

      Oth Matl U Var Maint

E

301-519K

      Oth Matl U Var Lab

E

301-519L

      Oth Matl U Var InsMet QC

E

301-519M

      Oth Matl U Var PatShp&Tl

E

301-519N

      Oth Matl U Var Sand Recl

E

301-519O

      Oth Matl U Var Stores

E

301-519P

      Oth Matl U Var Log &Disp

E

301-519Q

      Oth Matl U Var Dev &Tech

E

301-519R

      Oth Matl U Var Proc Eng

E

301-519S

      Oth Matl U Var SafSecCln

E

301-519T

      Oth M U Var TOOL DES MAN

E

301-519U

      Oth M U Var Tool Des Man

E

301-519V

      Oth Matl U Var ADMIN OH

E

301-519W

      Oth Matl U Var Admin

E

301-519X

      Oth Matl U Var Sale &Mkt

E

301-519Y

      Oth Matl U Var HR

E

301-519Z

      Oth Matl U Var IT

E

301-53

    PURCHASE PRICE VARIANCE 

E

301-531

     Purch Price Variance

E

301-55

    OPER MATLS PRICE VAR 

E

301-551

     Op Matls Price Var

E

301-57

    STOCK REVALUATION 

E

301-571

     Stock Revaluation

E

301-58

    STOCK LOSSES (GAINS) 

E

301-581

     Stock Losses (Gains)

E

303-

  RECOVERIES   

E

303-1

   DIRECT LABOUR RECOVER  

E

303-11

    Direct Labour Recover 

E

303-12

    FOUNDRY OP DIR LAB REC

E

303-121

     Alloying Dir Lab Rec

E

303-122

     Melting Dir Lab Rec

E

303-124

     Sand Plant Ops DirLabRec

E

303-126

     Core Making Dir Lab Rec

E

303-128

     Moulding Dir Lab Rec

E

303-13

    FINISHING OPS DIR LAB REC

E

303-131

     Finishing Dir Lab Rec

E

303-133

     Painting Dir Lab Rec

E

303-135

     Heat Treat Dir Lab Rec

E

303-137

     Impregnation Dir Lab Rec

E

303-138

     Welding Dir Lab Rec

E

303-14

    MACH &ASSM OPS DIR LAB REC

E

303-141

     Machining Dir Lab Rec

E

303-143

     Sub-Assembly Dir Lab Rec

E

303-145

     Final Assm Dir Lab Rec

E

303-19

    OTH DIR LABOUR RECVD

E

303-199

     Oth Dir Labr Recvd

E

303-3

   FIX FACT OH RECOVERY  

E

303-31

    Fixed Fact OH Recov 

E

303-32

    FOUNDRY OPS FIX FACT OH 

E

303-321

     Alloying Fix Fact OH

E

303-322

     Melting Fix Fact OH

E

303-324

     Sand Plt Ops Fix Fact OH

E

303-326

     Core Making Fix Fact OH

E

303-328

     Moulding Fix Fact OH

E

303-33

    FINISHING OPS FIX FACT OH

E

303-331

     Finishing Fix Fact OH

E

303-333

     Painting Fix Fact OH

E

303-335

     Heat Treat Fix Fact OH

E

303-337

     Impregnation Fix Fact OH

E

303-338

     Welding Fix Fact OH

E

303-34

    MACH &ASSB OPS FIX FACT OH

E

303-341

     Machining Fix Fact OH

E

303-343

     Sub-Assembly Fix Fact OH

E

303-345

     Final Assem Fix Fact OH

E

303-39

    OTH DIR LABOUR RECD 

E

303-399

     Oth Dir Labr Recvd

E

303-5

   VAR FACT OH RECOVERY  

E

303-51

    Var Fact OH Recovery 

E

303-52

    FOUNDRY OPS VAR FACT OH

E

303-521

     Alloying Var Fact OH

E

303-522

     Melting Var Fact OH

E

303-524

     Sand Plt Ops Var Fact OH

E

303-526

     Core Making Var Fact OH

E

303-528

     Moulding Var Fact OH

E

303-53

    FINISHING OPS VAR FACT OH

E

303-531

     Finishing Var Fact OH

E

303-533

     Painting Var Fact OH

E

303-535

     Heat Treat Var Fact OH

E

303-537

     Impregnation Var Fact OH

E

303-538

     Welding Var Fact OH

E

303-54

    MACH &ASSM OPS VAR FACT OH

E

303-541

     Machining Var Fact OH

E

303-543

     Sub-Assembly Var Fact OH

E

303-545

     Final Assem Var Fact OH

E

303-59

    OTH DIR LABOUR RECD 

E

303-599

      Oth Dir Labour Recd

E

303-7

   SUBCONTRACTOR RECOVERY  

E

303-71

    Subcontractor Revy 

E

304-

 Division5 LABOUR CO SALES    

E

304-1

  Division5 Labour Cost Sales   

E

305-

 Division5 MATERIAL COST SALES    

E

305-1

  Division5 Material Cost of Sales

E

306-

 Division5 SOFTWARE COST REC    

E

306-1

  Magmasoft Recoveries   

E

307-

 DISCOUNT ALLOWED    

E

307-1

  Discount Allowed   

E

308-

 DISTRIBUTION COST    

E

308-1

  FOB Costs   

E

308-3

  Post FOB Costs   

E

308-5

  Shipping Insurance   

E

309-

 OTHER MATERIAL COST    

E

309-9

  Other Material Cost   

E

31.-

 DIRECT LABOUR    

E

310-

  Normal Time Direct Labour

E

310-1

   Normal Time Direct Labr  

E

310-5

   Contract Wrkr Dir Labour  

E

311-

  Overtime Direct Labour   

E

312-

  Sick Pay Direct Labour   

E

313-

  Allowances Direct Labour   

E

314-

  Bonus & Long Serv Dir Lab

E

314-1

   Bonus Direct Labour  

E

314-3

   Gainshare Pay Dir Labour  

E

314-7

   Long Service Awd Dir Lab  

E

314-8

   Year-End Vouch Dir Lab  

E

315-

  Company Contrib Dir Labr   

E

315-1

   Leave Pay Direct Labour  

E

315-2

   Year End Bonus Dir Labr  

E

315-3

   Pension Direct Labour  

E

315-4

   Provident Fund Dir Labr  

E

315-5

   Medical Aid Dir Labr  

E

315-6

   UIF Direct Labour  

E

315-7

   Skills Deve Levy Dir Labr

E

315-8

   Workmans Comp Dir Labr  

E

316-

  Employee Transport Dir Lab

E

317-

  Training Direct Labour   

E

318-

  Employee Benefits Dir Labr

E

319-

  Retrenchment Costs Dir Labr

E

32.-

 FIXED FACTORY OVERHEADS    

E

320-

  ENERGY   

E

320-1

   Electricity -- KVA  

E

320-2

   Gas Tank Rental  

E

321-

  ENERGY SAVING PROJECTS   

E

321-1

   Energy Saving Proj Exp  

E

322-

  DEPRN FIXED ASSETS (Depn)

E

322-0

   LAND Depn  

E

322-1

    Land Depn 

E

322-1

   BUILDINGS Depn  

E

322-11

    Buildings Depn 

E

322-13

    Leasehold Improvements 

E

322-2

   PLANT & MACHINERY Depn  

E

322-21

    Maint Spares Stock Depn 

E

322-29

    Oth Plt & Machry Depn 

E

322-4

   MOTOR VEHICLES Depn  

E

322-41

    Forklifts Depn 

E

322-49

    Oth Motor Vehicles Depn 

E

322-5

   OFFICE EQUIPMENT Depn  

E

322-51

    Office Equipment Depn 

E

322-6

   COMPUTERS Depn  

E

322-61

    Computers Depn 

E

322-7

   FURNITURE & FITTINGS Depn

E

322-71

    Furniture & Fitt Depn 

E

322-8

   INTANGIBLE ASSETS Depn   

E

322-81

    Intangible Assets Depn 

E

323-

  INDIRECT LABOUR   

E

323-1

   FACTORY SAL IND LABR  

E

323-10

    Normal Time Ind Labr Sal 

E

323-11

    Overtime Ind Labr Sal 

E

323-13

    Allowances Ind Labr Sal 

E

323-15

    Bonus &Lg Serv Ind Lab Sal

E

323-17

    Comp Contrib Ind Labr Sal

E

323-18

    Retrench Costs Ind Lab Sal

E

323-5

   INDIRECT WAGES  

E

323-50

    Normal Time Ind Wg 

E

323-501

     Normal Time Ind Wg

E

323-505

     Contract Work Ind Wg

E

323-51

    Overtime Ind Wg 

E

323-52

    Sick Pay Ind Wg 

E

323-53

    Allowances Ind Wg 

E

323-54

    Bonus Long Serv Ind Wg 

E

323-55

    Company Contrib Ind Wg 

E

323-56

    Employee Trans Ind Wg 

E

323-57

    Training Ind Wg 

E

323-58

    Employee Ben Ind Wg 

E

323-59

    Retrench Costs Ind Wg 

E

324-

  FIXED REPAIRS &MAINTENANCE

E

324-2

   PLANT & MACHINERY R&M  

E

324-21

    Fix Impr Mach Elect 

E

324-22

    Fix Impr Mach Mech 

E

324-25

    Fixed Shutdown Elec R&M 

E

324-26

    Fixed Shutdown Mech R&M 

E

324-29

    Oth Fix R&M Plt & Mach 

E

324-4

   MOTOR VEHICLES R&M  

E

324-41

    Forklift R&M 

E

324-49

    Oth Motor Veh R&M 

E

325-

  QUALITY   

E

325-1

   Certification Costs  

E

325-5

   Calibration Costs  

E

325-8

   Quality Costs

E

326-

  PLANT RENTAL   

E

326-2

   PLT & MACH RENT & SERV  

E

326-28

    Oth Plt & Mach Services 

E

326-29

    Oth Plt & Mach Rental 

E

326-4

   MOTOR VEHICLE RENTAL  

E

326-41

    Forklift Rental 

E

326-49

    Motor Vehicle Rental 

E

327-

  HEALTH & SAFETY   

E

327-0

   Clinic Fees  

E

327-1

   P O1160

E

327-2

   Certification Costs  

E

327-3

   Stack & Dust Monitoring  

E

327-4

   Fire Equipment  

E

327-5

   Hygiene Surveys  

E

327-6

   Health Professional Fees  

E

327-7

   Medication  

E

327-8

   Ext Medical Screening  

E

327-9

   Other Health & Safety  

E

328-

  INSURANCE   

E

328-1

   Asset Value Insurance  

E

329-

  SUNDRY FIXED FACTORY OH   

E

329-0

   TOOLING REPLACE PROVISION

E

329-1

    Tooling Replace Prov 

E

329-1

   TOOLING AMORTIZATION  

E

329-11

    Tooling Amortization 

E

329-2

   DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES  

E

329-21

    Trial Costs 

E

329-23

    R & D Costs 

E

329-25

    Project Costs 

E

329-28

    Magmasoft Costs 

E

329-29

    Other Development Costs 

E

329-3

   TRAINING  

E

329-31

    Apprentice Training 

E

329-33

    Trg Course Fees Sal 

E

329-34

    Trg Course Fees Wage 

E

329-35

    Train Trav & Accom Sal 

E

329-36

    Train Trav & Accom Wag 

E

329-39

    Training Other 

E

329-4

   CONSULTING FEES  

E

329-41

    Consulting Fee Factory 

E

329-45

    Consulting Fee Quality 

E

329-47

    Consulting Fee Division5 

E

329-49

    Consulting Fee Other 

E

329-5

   COMPUTER EXP PLANT  

E

329-51

    Software Costs Plant 

E

329-52

    Softw Licence Plant 

E

329-53

    Hardware Under R5000 

E

329-54

    IT Prof Serv Plant 

E

329-55

    Prod Report Improve 

E

329-56

    Computer Maint Plant 

E

329-59

    Other Computer Exp Plant 

E

329-6

   LEASE CHARGES (LCh)  

E

329-62

    PLANT & MACHINERY LCh 

E

329-621

     Plant & Machinery LCh

E

329-64

    MOTOR VEHICLES LCh 

E

329-641

     Forklifts LCh

E

329-649

     Other Motor Veh LCh

E

329-65

    OFFICE EQUIPMENT LCh 

E

329-651

     Office Equipment LCh

E

329-66

    COMPUTERS LCh 

E

329-661

     Computers LCh

E

329-67

    FURNITURE & FITTINGS LCh 

E

329-671

     Furniture & Fit LCh

E

329-7

   SECURITY  

E

329-71

    Security 

E

329-8

   PROPERTY RENTAL  

E

329-81

    Property Rental Ext 

E

329-82

    Property Rental Int 

E

329-9

   RATES & TAXES  

E

329-91

    Rates & Taxes 

E

329-W

   OTHER STAFF FIXED  

E

329-W1

    Workmens Comp Paid Fix 

E

329-W3

    Staff Welfare Fixed 

E

329-W5

    Staff Transport Fixed 

E

329-Z

   OTHER FIXED  

E

329-Z1

    Cleaning Contract 

E

329-Z3

    Printing & Stationery Fix

E

329-Z9

    Other Fixed 

E

32A-

  IMPAIRMENT FIX ASSETS (IFA)

E

32A-0

   Land IFA  

E

32A-1

   Buildings IFA  

E

32A-2

   Plant & Machinery IFA  

E

32A-4

   Motor Vehicles IFA  

E

32A-5

   Office Equipment IFA  

E

32A-6

   Computers IFA  

E

32A-7

   Furniture & Fittings IFA  

E

32A-8

   Intangible Assets IFA  

E

32B-

  CANTEEN COSTS   

E

32B-0

   Canteen Costs  

E

32B-3

   Canteen Consumables  

E

32B-9

   Other Catering Costs  

E

33.-

 VARIABLE FACTORY OVERHEADS

E

331-

  SCRAP COSTS   

E

331-1

   Casting Scrap  

E

331-3

   Core Scrap  

E

331-4

   External Casting Scrap  

E

331-5

   Machining Scrap  

E

331-6

   Trial Scrap   

E

331-7

   External Scrap Machine Shop

E

331-8

   External Scrap Customer Ret

E

331-9

   Other Scrap Internal  

E

332-

  ENERGY & UTILITIES   

E

332-1

   Electricity -- KWH  

E

332-2

   Gas  

E

332-5

   Diesel  

E

332-9

   Water & Effluent   

E

333-

  VARIABLE REP & MAINT (R&M)

E

333-1

   BUILDING R&M  

E

333-11

    Building R&M 

E

333-2

   PLANT & MACHINERY R&M  

E

333-21

    Reline Costs 

E

333-22

    Pattern R&M 

E

333-23

    Var Electrical R&M 

E

333-24

    Var Mechanical R&M 

E

333-25

    Var Shutdown Elect R&M 

E

333-26

    Var Shutdown Mech R&M 

E

333-27

    Var Fact Improve Elect 

E

333-28

    Var Fact Improve Mech 

E

333-29

    Oth Plt & Machinery R&M 

E

333-3

   TOOLING R&M  

E

333-30

    Core Making Tooling R&M 

E

333-31

    Pattern / Dies Tooling R&M

E

333-32

    Moulding Box Repairs 

E

333-33

    Dry Ice 

E

333-34

    Glass Beads 

E

333-35

    Other Tooling R&M 

E

333-4

   MOTOR VEHICLES R&M  

E

333-41

    Forklifts R&M 

E

333-49

    Oth Motor Vehicles R&M 

E

333-5

   OFFICE EQUIPMENT R&M  

E

333-51

    Office Equipment R&M 

E

333-6

   COMPUTER R&M  

E

333-61

    Computer R&M 

E

333-7

   FURNITURE & FITTINGS R&M  

E

333-71

    Furniture & Fitt R&M 

E

334-

  CONSUMABLES   

E

334-2

   FOUNDRY CONSUMABLES  

E

334-21

    Alloying Consumables 

E

334-22

    Melting Consumables 

E

334-221

     Slag Coagulant

E

334-222

     Thermocouples Melt

E

334-223

     Crucibles

E

334-228

     Oth Melt Consumables A

E

334-229

     Oth Melt Consumables B

E

334-24

    Sand Plant Consumables 

E

334-26

    Core Making Consumables 

E

334-28

    Moulding Consumables 

E

334-281

    Moulding Consumables 

E

334-282

     Thermocouples Mould

E

334-289

     Oth Mould Consumables

E

334-29

    Oth Foundry Consumables 

E

334-3

   FINISHING CONSUMABLES  

E

334-31

    Finishing Consumables 

E

334-311

     Grinding Consumables

E

334-319

     Oth Finish Consmbls

E

334-33

    Painting Consumables 

E

334-35

    Heat Treat Consumables 

E

334-37

    Impregnatn Consumables 

E

334-38

    Welding Consumables 

E

334-39

    Oth Finishing Consumbls 

E

334-4

   MACHINE & ASSEMBLY CONS  

E

334-41

    Machining Consumables 

E

334-411

     Mach Cons Customer11

E

334-412

     Oils & Lubricants

E

334-419

     Oth Machining Consbls

E

334-43

    Sub-Assembly Consbls 

E

334-45

    Final Assembly Consbls 

E

334-49

    Oth Mach & Ass Coins 

E

334-6

   OPERATIONAL CONSUMABLES  

E

334-60

    Maintenance Consumables 

E

334-61

    Laboratory Consumables 

E

334-62

    Insp Metr & QC Cons 

E

334-63

    Pattern Shop Consmbls 

E

334-64

    Sand Reclamation Cons 

E

334-65

    Stores Consumables 

E

334-66

    Logistics & Disp Cons 

E

334-67

    Development Consumables 

E

334-68

    Process Eng Consumables 

E

334-69

    Safety Sec Clean Cons 

E

334-6Z

    Oth Op Consumables 

E

334-7

   VEHICLE EXPENSES  

E

334-70

    Vehicle Licenses 

E

334-71

    Vehicle Fines & Penalties

E

334-72

    Vehicle Fuel 

E

334-74

    Vehicle Op Rental 

E

334-79

    Other Vehicle Expenses 

E

334-9

   OTHER CONSUMABLES  

E

334-90

    Gauges 

E

334-91

    Small Tools (Durable) 

E

334-92

    Durable Machine Tools 

E

334-93

    Non Durable Machine Tools

E

334-94

    Consumable Tooling 

E

334-95

    Hand Tools 

E

334-96

    Gases 

E

334-961

     Liquid Nitrogen

E

334-969

     Other Gases

E

334-97

    Cutting Tools 

E

334-98

    Printing & Stationery 

E

334-99

    Other Consumables 

E

335-

  TRANSPORT & PACKING   

E

335-1

   Packaging Materials  

E

335-11

    Crate Hire 

E

335-15

    Other Packaging 

E

335-2

   FOB Costs  

E

335-3

   Maritime Insurance  

E

335-4

   Freight Costs (Sea)  

E

335-5

   DAP Costs  

E

335-6

   Airfreight  

E

335-7

   Railage & Road Freight  

E

335-71

    Rail & Road Inbound 

E

335-75

    Rail & Road Outbound 

E

335-9

   Other Transport  

E

336-

  WASTE REMOVAL & CLEANING   

E

336-1

   Sand Waste Removal  

E

336-3

   Sand Reclamation Costs  

E

336-4

   General Waste Removal  

E

336-5

   Cleaning Costs  

E

336-6

   Sorting Costs  

E

338-

  Division5 LABOUR RECOVERY   

E

338-1

   Division5 Labour Recovery  

E

339-

  OTHER VARIABLE COSTS  &nbs